43 Inc. EVERBUILD® Aquaseal® Liquid Roof has excellent adhesion to both porous and non-porous substrates and is suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. £156. Average. Customs services and international tracking provided. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof has excellent adhesion to both porous and non-porous substrates and is suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an innovative, high-performance waterproofing liquid membrane designed for use on flat and pitched roofs. 92. £1. Everbuild Liquid Roof All Weather Roofing System has excellent adhesion to both porous and non-porous substrates and is suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. Long-lasting immediate fix. 7:00AM TO 5:00PM. 4. Premium product if you're looking for a reliable and durable reinforcement for your roofing project, look no further than Sikalastic Fleece 120. Ensure adequate ventilation. Carry on browsing. 90 Inc. May produce an allergic reaction. 5Kg EVCGY02 EVCBK02. Product Description Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an easy to use, all weather roofing system ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. Locate the Damage. Click & Collect. £1208. Suitable for Roofing. mechanically attach using drill- tech #14. May produce an allergic reaction. Liquid Roof a. 05. £133. 4. 11. 97 CA$359. £52. Coverage. 83 Excl VAT. Dominic is a South Carolina native who began working in the fluid-applied roofing industry with Hydro-Stop over 18 years ago. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an easy-to-use, all weather roofing system which is ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. Imparts excellent resistance to water. 4. 03 020915109000000022 PRODUCT DATA SHEET EVERBUILD® Aquaseal® Liquid Roof A READY TO USE, ALL WEATHER ROOFING SYSTEM PRODUCT DESCRIPTION EVERBUILD® Aquaseal® Liquid Roof is a fast-curing, polyurethane based. ★★★★★ ★★★★★. Persons already sensitised to diisocyanates may develop allergic reactions when using. H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. 11. 520. 35 cm) in. AC50 Trade Acoustic Adhesive & Sealant 900ml. Color: Slate Grey; Volume: 7 kg x4; Type: Single pack; Based on: polyurethane based Suitable for: Flat and pitched roofs; cement, concrete, brick, stone, metals, wood, tiles etc. 11. Domestic & commercial use. Fun. Creating a solid waterproof membrane covering the entire surface area without any seams, Liquid Roof is a polyurethane based, cold applied, ready to use product ideal for use on roof areas for new projects, extensions or to. Creating a solid waterproof membrane which covers the entire area without any seams, Liquid Roof is applied in two coats straight from the tin and has a moisture. Lead-Free. $9. Creating a solid waterproof membrane covering the entire surface area without any seams, Liquid Roof is a polyurethane based, cold applied, ready to use product ideal for use on roof areas for new projects, extensions or to. It’s especially useful for roof coating, in case you encounter leaks when it rains. Aquaseal Liquid Roof creates a solid, waterproof membrane that covers the entire surface area without any seams. 2021 Country GB 000000610706 1 / 21 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1. Everbuild Liquid Roof All Weather Roofing System has excellent adhesion to both porous and non-porous substrates and is suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. Stock Type: STOCKED. This is a liquid waterproofing compound that is applied in two coats. com/wp-content/themes/education-zone/inc/extras. Creating a solid waterproof membrane covering the entire surface area without any seams, Liquid Roof is a polyurethane-based, cold applied, ready to use product ideal. Aquaseal Liquid Roof creates a solid, waterproof membrane that covers the entire surface area without any seams. Everbuild Liquid Roof All Weather Roofing System is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid membrane for flat and pitched roofs. It is a ready-to-use, polyurethane-based product that can be applied cold. 99 Incl VAT. Details. Aquaseal Liquid Roof is a one part cold applied liquid roof membrane, ideal for use on both flat and pitched roofs and features Moisture Curing Technology allowing the product. 2015 Country GB 000000610706 3 / 16 224-518-3 4-morpholinecarbaldehyde Additional Labelling: EUH204 Contains isocyanates. This Professional Everbuild PU-Based Roof Repair and Coating Waterproofing System is available in 7kg, 21kg, and with reinforcing fleece for the more tired roofs. £149. 2015 Version 6. See exactly why we think this is one of the best products on the market by. The coating may be applied in the field from 30 to 2500 mils (0. EASY Returns & Exchange. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof Coating Safety Data Sheet: Download Attachment: Sika Sikalastic 120 Fleece Technical Data Sheet: Download Attachment: Related Products. Cart. 0 Print Date 30. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof Grey is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid membrane suitable for both flat and pitched roofs. This tin will cover 6-8 square meteres. Everbuild Evercryl Fibre Reinforced Roof Repair Compound 2. May produce an allergic reaction. £45. for use on concrete, fibre/cement, roofing felt, mastic asphalt, existing bituminous roof coatings, rigid PVCu, corrugated iron, metals, slates, brickwork, tiles, lead, copper and zinc. 50 metre x 300mm wide Joint Roll Sika Code 97481. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof. 00 Inc. Tony's Top Tips. Everbuild Aquaseal Grey Liquid Roof Membrane Coating 21Kg. This non-woven polyester fleece is needle-punched for strength and can be used with Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof to create a robust, reinforced membrane. Leather Waterproofing: Formulated for waterproofing and conditioning the leather portions of lightweight hiking boots. About this item. Waterproofing & Conditioning; Leather Cleaner; Packages; Cork Seal;Find high-quality roofing repair products for your project. Everbuild Liquid Roof All Weather Roofing System is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid membrane for flat and pitched roofs. | 5 answered questions. 03 020915109000000022 PRODUCT DATA SHEET EVERBUILD® Aquaseal® Liquid Roof A READY TO USE, ALL WEATHER ROOFING SYSTEM PRODUCT DESCRIPTION EVERBUILD® Aquaseal® Liquid Roof is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid membrane for flat and pitched roofs. Thompson's Black Emergency Roof Seal - 1L. Plastic Paint Kettle Bucket 3 Litre Container inc Lid . Everbuild Liquid Roof All Weather Roofing System is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid membrane for flat and pitched roofs. Liquid Roof creates a solid waterproof membrane covering the entire surface area without any seams, Liquid Roof is a polyurethane based, cold applied, ready to use product ideal for use on roof areas for new projects, extensions or to refurbish an. 0 Print Date 30. Product Code: CH902340. About this item . Sika Sikalastic Fleece 120 Polyester Roof Reinforcement Roll is a polyester fleece used as reinforcement with Sikalastic Liquid Applied Membrane systems and Everbuild liquid roof. 86/kg) +. £7. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof 21kg (AQLIQRFGY21) Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an easy to use, all weather roofing system ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. Creating a solid waterproof membrane covering the entire surface area. 00. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid membrane suitable for both flat and pitched roofs. Premium product if you're looking for a reliable and durable reinforcement for your roofing project, look no further than Sikalastic Fleece 120. Colour: Slate Grey. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof has excellent. Quantity: 7L. 36 £49. This non-woven polyester fleece is needle-punched for strength and can be used with Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof to create a robust, reinforced membrane. H340 May cause genetic defects. Liquid Roof is an easy to use, all weather roofing system ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. EASY Returns & Exchange. Bond It Seal It Reinforcing Mat - 1m x 25m. Aqua Seal Waterproof Shower Primer Kit (1 Litre). We use cookies to make your experience better. 99 Incl VAT. AIA specifications, engineering drawings, one-stop-shopping and technical backup all combine to enable completion of the project in good time, within budget, and with the confidence that there will be no callbacks for unresolved issues. 0082390. This product also requires a primer which I know that most roof coating companys do not put on prior to the top coat. No more need to dump 35 million tons of roofing debris into landfills every year. Riteseal offers a wide range of specialized waterproofing solutions. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof Revision Date 30. Aquaseal Liquid Roof is. EASY Returns & Exchange. These liquid applied membranes, also known as fluid-applied membranes, can be applied over various substrates such as concrete, brick,. Everbuild Liquid Roof | All Weather Roofing System Ideal for Concrete, Mortar and Metals - Slate Grey - 21 kg. Free delivery on Aquaseal Liquid Roof from Ashbrook Roofing. Mapelastic AquaDefense is a premixed, advanced liquid-rubber, extremely quick-drying waterproofing and crack-isolation membrane for installation under ceramic tile or stone in residential, commercial and industrial environments. Shop Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof | Rubber Roof Membrane | All Weather Roofing System | Two Colours | Two Sizes | Free Brush & Gloves | by Everbuild (Large, Slate Grey) online at best prices at desertcart - the best international shopping platform in Guatemala. 00 £156. Cromar Scrimtex Glass Fibre Scrim Liquid Roof Reinforcing Roll QSC-50. Dominic joined the AguaSeal Team in January 2017 to begin the construction of our manufacturing facility on Johns Island. 48. 2015 Country GB 000000610706 3 / 16 224-518-3 4-morpholinecarbaldehyde Additional Labelling: EUH204 Contains isocyanates. £19. Ents & Arts. This ready to use Polyurethane based liquid membrane covers the entire surface area without any seams. Made of premium CPE. Polycoat-Aquaseal™ 5000 WC/GC is a seamless and joint-free waterproofing system created from a single-component, water-curable, liquid, cold-applied, coal-tar-free, urethane/polyurea roofing and waterproofing membrane system for vertical and horizontal surfaces. £149. Get a quick quote. Suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing. Aquaseal Liquid Roof Coating can easily adhere to any substrate, whether it is porous or non-porous. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof Slate Grey 7kg (AQLIQRFGY7)Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is a ready to use, all weather roofing systemAquaseal Liquid Roof is. 00-17%. Possède une excellente adhérence aux substrats poreux et non poreux et convient à une utilisation sur de nouveaux projets, des extensions ou pour rénover un toit existant qui fuit. 84 £1. VAT £66. 00 £218. Creating a solid waterproof membrane which covers the entire area without any seams, Liquid Roof is applied in two coats straight from the tin and has a moisture. Persons already sensitised to diisocyanates may develop allergic reactions when using. Roofing And All Associated Waterproofing Membranes. Take a look at the Full Range of Roofing and Guttering Products. It is fast-curing, rain resistant, compatible with most substrates. Installment. EVERBUILD® Aquaseal® Liquid Roof has excellent adhesion to both porous and non-porous substrates and is suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. FREE Delivery Across Malta. +EUR 26. Aquaseal Liquid Roof creates a solid, waterproof membrane that covers the entire surface area without any seams. Model # BE185169 Store SKU # 1000162969. Could use Aquaseal Liquid Roof (never used this myself) for whole roof, or Evercryl One Coat Roof Repair(from competitor) very good product. £ 9. 11. 2015 Version 6. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid membrane for flat and pitched roofs. Could use Aquaseal Liquid Roof (never used this myself) for whole roof, or Evercryl One Coat Roof Repair(from competitor) very good product. Aquaseal Liquid Roof creates a solid, waterproof membrane that covers the entire surface area without any seams. Everbuild® Aquaseal® Liquid Roof A Ready to Use, All Weather Roofing System Everbuild® Aquaseal® Liquid Roof is a fast-curing, polyurethane-based waterproofing liquid membrane for flat and pitched roofs. 5Kg EVCGY02 EVCBK02. Aquaseal ® Waterproof Tanking Membrane is a ready-to-use liquid waterproofing compound that is applied as a 2-coat system by brush. 2015 Country GB 000000610706 3 / 16 224-518-3 4-morpholinecarbaldehyde Additional Labelling: EUH204 Contains isocyanates. Hydrophobic cement is obtained by grinding portland cement clinker with a film-forming substance such as oleic acid in order to reduce the rate of deterioration. With our assistance, you can find problems early and solve them before they get out of hand. When it opened a month later, Dominic produced the company’s first batch of product and hasn’t. £159. 794. Everbuild Aquaseal Water proof Tanking Membrane is a ready to use liquid waterproofing compound that is applied in a 2 coat system by brush. 32 53% off. 0 Print Date 30. Everbuild AQLIQRFGY21 Aquaseal Liquid Roof Slate Grey. Everbuild – Evercryl – Emergency Roof Repair Cartridge – Instant Waterproofing Roof Repair – Suitable For Damp and Wet Conditions – Grey – 300ml. It is a ready-to-use polyurethane based product that can be applied cold. Could be a been a brushable treatment that's peeling,wonder why it was done in first place, is roof leaking? Overall it's a pretty poor carp GRP roofing job,just look at it around the roof lights. 92. £52. 92. VAT; Product Code: AQLIQRFGY7; SKU: 511382; EAN: 5029347614164; MPN: Select Quantity and choose Add To Cart Add to Cart. Creating a solid waterproof membrane covering the entire surface area without any seams, Liquid Roof is a polyurethane based, cold applied, ready to use product ideal for use on. 40 Inc. 21. £57. Liquid Roof Repair and Coating. Sikalastic Fleece 120 300mm wide flat roof joint and edging reinforcing polyester fleece for use with liquid roof type coatings. This makes it a viable option for anyone looking to waterproof their roofs. 25Ltr (29518) (65) compare. Apply for 30 days interest free credit *. It has excellent adhesion to various. Liquid Roof has a moisture activated curing system that allows. 2015 Version 6. Quantity: 7L. OUR PRICE £130. FREE Delivery Across Malta. Shop Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof | Rubber Roof Membrane | All Weather Roofing System | Black | 7kg by Everbuild online at best prices at desertcart - the best international shopping platform in Fiji. uk. Premium product if you're looking for a reliable and durable reinforcement for your roofing project, look no further than Sikalastic Fleece 120. 5mm thickATSB AQUASEAL BX: Formulated to provide high water vapour permeability with very high resistance to re-emulsification with water. 4. . Aquaseal Ready to Use Liquid Roof Seal is an easy to use, all weather roofing system ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. Description. Aquaseal Liquid Roof is a polyurethane-based cold-applied waterproof membrane, when two coats are applied, creates a waterproof and seamless membrane. Liquid Roof Coating Available Separately. 25 Inc Vat. . - 1 units per box. 46,756 views. Product Information: Additional information. £54. Brand new | Business. It is self-sealing around fasteners to. Description. Please call our enquiry line on 03333 446 626. Login to save for later. Has excellent adhesion to both porous and non-porous substrates and is suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. Aquaseal Rubber is ISO 9001 : 2015. for pricing and availability. Aquaseal Liquid Roof Safety Data Sheet. Non-Permeable ‘3rd Generation’ Underlay. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof Revision Date 30. This product comes in a 5-litre tin and contains 7kg of material. Liquid Roof has a moisture activated curing system that allows the product to use atmospheric. Guaranteed for the life of the installation. View full product details. Aquaseal Liquid Roof creates a solid, waterproof membrane that covers the entire surface area without any seams. 00. Use a stiff brush to clean the surface thoroughly. For new construction and refurbishment projects. Aquaseal Liquid Roof creates a solid, waterproof membrane that covers the entire surface area without any seams. Everbuild Liquid Roof Coating a Professional PU Based Roof Repair and Coating Waterproofing System available in 7kg 21kg and reinforcing fleece for the more tired roofs. 11. FREE Delivery. It is also highly adhesive and bonds tenaciously to most. 2 cm (1. 2021 Version 16. This non-woven polyester fleece is needle-punched for strength and can be used with Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof to create a robust, reinforced membrane. Read reviews, request an estimate, verify certification and see photos of completed jobs. Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an easy to use, all weather roofing system ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof Membrane Coating 21Kg Grey AQLIQRFGY21. (803) 936-0420. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an easy-to-use, all weather roofing system which is ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an easy-to-use, all weather roofing system which is ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. Long-lasting immediate fix. No reviews. Easy and fast installation to foundation walls. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof Grey 7KG. 5K views, 11 likes, 1 loves, 0 comments, 1 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Promain: Check out the latest from Promain's Top Tips. 2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised againstAquaseal Liquid Roof - 7kg - Liquid Roof is an easy to use, all weather roofing system ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. Sikalastic Fleece 120 Liquid Roof Joint Reinforcing SKLASFLE1200350 300mm. EVERBUILD® Aquaseal® Liquid Roof November 2019, Version 01. Set Store. Shop Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof | Rubber Roof Membrane | All Weather Roofing System | Two Colours | Two Sizes | Free Brush & Gloves | by Everbuild (Small, Black) online at best prices at desertcart - the best international shopping platform in Malta. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for EVERBUILD - AQLIQRFGY7 - Aquaseal Liquid Roof, Grey, 7kg at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Aqua Seal Roofing is a GAF certified roofing contractor. May produce an allergic reaction. • Drying time of approximately 24 hours – allow this time between coats. If you’re not big on sprays, you can opt for this liquid rubber sealant instead of Flex Seal. Everbuild Aquaseal Tanking Kit Waterproof Wet Room System, Standard (Prime 1 Litre, Membrane 3 Litre, Tape 5m) 509. Total Price. Only 2 left in stock. Roofing ladder, duct board, or other means of working on a roof safely; Spirit level and tape measure/field tape; PPE – it is strongly recommended that appropriate PPE is worn at all times;. Aquaseal Liquid Roof from Everbuild (a Sika company) is a new, one-component, easy to use, all weather roofing system, ideal for waterproofing flat and pitched roofs. Sam shows the full installation of the PU Liquid ro. 0 Print Date 30. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof Membrane Seal - Grey 7kgAquaseal Ready to Use Liquid Roof Seal is an easy to use all weather roofing system ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. 2021 Date of last issue: 25. Aqua Seal Roofing • Storm Repair Experts. Water-based, liquid applied, waterproof membrane. 2%. Aquaseal Liquid Rood is ideal for use on roof areas for new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. This week we take a look at Aquaseal Liquid Roof, one of the. Contractors with Premium Coating Systems certification focus on coatings and liquid membranes, and have a proven track record specifically with these products. T +44 (0) 191 266 0934. Adhesives and sealants are used to seal automotive surfaces and bind them together during assembly or repairs. Everbuild Liquid Roof All Weather Roofing System APPROX COVERAGE 1–2. 1 Print Date 25. 5kg. Fast curing perfomance in a range of weather conditions creating an. 68 Inc. 1 Print Date 25. See our roofing categories here: Roof paints, cleaners and coatings; Asbestos. See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment. 11. May produce an allergic reaction. Suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing. Thanks to Everbuild for supplying materials:. 95. Premium product if you're looking for a reliable and durable reinforcement for your roofing project, look no further than Sikalastic Fleece 120. Aquaseal Stucco & Roof Restoration in Santa Fe, NM | Photos | Reviews | 136 building permits for $826,100. Aquaseal Liquid Roof is ideal for use on roof areas for new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. from United Kingdom. Aquaseal Liquid Roof is a fantastic roof repair solution ideal for the DIY market. Reviews. 6 out of 5 stars 506. Everbuild Evercryl Fibre Reinforced Roof Repair Compound 2. This product comes in a 5-litre tin and contains 7kg of material. Condition: New. Liquid Roof is a polyurethane based, cold applied, ready to use product for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. 2021 Version 16. Everbuild Aquaseal Grey Liquid Roof Membrane Seal is a polyurethane based all weather roofing system for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. Coverage per Litre: 6m²/Ltr. Suitable for all Pitched Roof Constructions. EASY Returns & Exchange. See more ideas about painting, roof paint, industrial flooring. A polyurethane paint system similar to Liquid Plastics Decothane providing a seamless Vapour permeable water and weather resistant coating that resists UV degradation and retains flexibility at low temperatures. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an innovative, high-performance waterproofing liquid membrane designed for use on flat and pitched roofs. Barcode 7612894436419 Liquid Roof Coating Available Separately. VAT. Special Price £281. VAT £130. Everbuild Liquid Roof All Weather Roofing System is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid membrane for flat and pitched roofs. • Resistant to wash-off by rain almost immediately. 70 per M. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid membrane for flat and pitched roofs. Aqua Seal Manufacturing & Roofing Inc is a GAF certified roofing contractor. It offers excellent adhesion to both. NM AquaSeal is a GAF certified roofing contractor. 92 £149. Jan 19, 2018 - Fast curing Aquaseal Liquid Roof comes in two different colours (Black or Slate Grey) in a 7kg tin. $8. £19. Demonstration video from Sika Everbuild The Liquid roof systemEverbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof Grey is a fast-curing, polyurethane based waterproofing liquid m. Ideal for masonry, concrete,. FREE Delivery Across Angola. Aquaseal Liquid Roof is. 2015 Version 6. 🔥 Save big on shipping, save big on style! 🔥. 00. 83 Excl VAT. Its unique chemical structure provides a breathable membrane that is permeable to water vapour and yet impermeable to water. Ready to use with brush or roller. Allows the leather to still breath Odorless. Suitable to apply on concrete, mortar, brick, stone, fibre cement, roof tiles, metals, wood and tiles with porous or non porous surfaces. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Everbuild Liquid Roof All Weather Roofing System, Slate Grey, 7 kg at Amazon. Sika Everbuild Sikalastic Fleece-120 Aquaseal Liquid Roof Reinforcing Seam and Joint Sealing. Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an easy to use, all weather roofing system ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. 2021 Version 16. Dispose contaminated material as waste according to item 13. Everbuild Liquid Roof All Weather Roofing System has excellent adhesion to both porous and non-porous substrates and is suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. Buy roof sealants at B&Q. Browse our selection of roof repair products here to find quick-drying paint and sealant that can be applied in damp conditions to resolve the problem quickly. Liquid Roof has excellent adhesion to both porous and non-porous substrates and is suitable for use on new projects, extensions or to refurbish an existing, leaky roof. £149. 90 £33. Everbuild Aquaseal Liquid Roof is an easy-to-use, all weather roofing system which is ideal for waterproofing any flat or pitched roofs. 92. Flex Seal Liquid Rubber in a Can. Aqua Seal Manufacturing & Roofing INC can inspect your roof for damage and provide the repairs you need most. Not available for delivery. Everbuild Aquaseal Tanking Liquid Membrane 5 Litre Paintable Coating. £1. Isoflex Liquid Rubber Black 4. Everbuild Grey Aquaseal Liquid Roof Coating has excellent adhesion to both porous and non-porous substrates.